There are 16 different types of Cement. They are as follows:
1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): The ingredients are mixed in the proportion of about two parts of calcareous materials to one part of argillaceous materials and then crushes and ground in ball mills. This mixture is burnt at about 1500-degree Celsius and cooled where gypsum is added to it and grounded again to the requisite fineness. Properties of OPC Cement:
2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC): It is manufactured by grinding Portland Cement Clinker and Pozzolana (usually fly ash or burnt clay, shale which has no cementing value). Pozzolana, when combines with lime produce stable lime-pozzolana compound, has cementitious properties. The hardening of PPC consists in Hydration of Portland Cement Clinker compounds and then in the interaction of the pozzolana with Calcium Hydroxide released during Hardening of clinker. Note:
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Every House Owner or Resident should be aware of Tiles and their types as they are the most extensively used building material for designing your home. You always need to know about the material type before installation. Choosing the right type of tile according to its application is a wise step before renovating or building your home or commercial space.
There are tonnes of varieties in Tiles depending upon the materials, surface, installation. There are a variety of tiles like Floor Tiles, Wall Tiles, Parking Tiles available in numerous colours, shades and sizes. So, here are some tiles types based upon their availability in the market. Types of Tiles based on Materials are as follows:Porcelain Tiles: This type of tiles is made up of finely grounded denser clay and burnt at high temperature to eliminate moisture from the tile which make the tile harder and denser. Due to its properties, it is mostly used for Flooring for densely populated areas like Commercial places, Residential Homes. The water absorption is less than 0.5% for Porcelain Tiles and the cost is higher when compared to ceramic tiles. Ceramic Tiles: These are the non-porcelain tiles. These Tiles are made up of natural clay, sand, quartz, feldspar and water. These materials are finely ground and moulded to the required shape, generally either in square or rectangle and fired in a kiln to make it free from moisture. The clay used in this is less dense than that of clay used in Porcelain. They are extensively used in Flooring, Walls, Kitchen Countertops, Walkways and patios (an outdoor paved area which is connected to a house generally used for recreation or dining). Vitrified Tile: Vitrified tile is a Ceramic Tile which is less porous. These tiles are used in such places where they can withstand under heavy pressure and are durable. The best use of Vitrified Tiles is at the dining room, bedroom and living room as Flooring and Wall Coverings available in customized designs according to your taste and choice. Mosaic Tile: These are small pieces of tiles in which each piece is lesser than 2 inches in length and breadth. They are available in several numbers of shapes. These same tiles are laid to form creative patterns which give us a unique and elegant look. These tiles are made up of glass, stone, real pebbles, metal, porcelain, ceramic and many more. These tiles are used anywhere, whether it could be a living room, kitchen, bathroom. Cement Tile: These tiles are mostly Handmade and are the oldest tiles type existing from Centuries. To manufacture a Cement Tile, we just require a few materials which are easily available in the market. They are Portland Cement, a mould, colour pigments to die and a hydraulic press. These tiles can be used in a hallway, bathroom, kitchen, balcony, living room, rooftop. Can also be used at Workplaces like Offices. What are Aggregates?Aggregates are the main ingredient in making materials of Concrete and Mortar which occupies 70-80% of Concrete Volume. Aggregate as a filler with binding material is the derived product of Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic rocks and thus it is hard, strong and durable. It can also be made from blast furnace slag. As aggregates are used in large quantity in manufacturing of concrete, they have a significant effect on the properties of the Concrete. Therefore, it is vitally important to choose the right variety and quality before constructing. Unlike other making materials like cement and water, this does not require any special storage place and has negligible effects when exposed to various climatic conditions.
Classification of Aggregates: 1) Based on Geological Origin: They can be divided as Natural Aggregates: These are one of the types of aggregates and are obtained from the naturally obtained rocks like Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic rocks. Sand and gravel are also fallen into this type of aggregates. As these Aggregates are naturally obtained which may have a lot of impurities, so it should be sieved and washed before used in Concrete. Artificial Aggregates: Blast Furnace Slag, Broken Bricks and Synthetic aggregates are Artificial Aggregates. Blast furnace slag aggregate is formed from slow cooling of the slag followed by crushing and are used for making precast concrete products by obtaining strong, denser particles. Broken bricks are used in Foundation for mass concerning and are not recommended for reinforced concrete works. Synthetic aggregates are made by Thermally processed materials like expanded clay and shale (finely-grained sedimentary rock, composed of mud) 2) Based on Size: They can be classified as Coarse Aggregate: Aggregate retained on 4.75 mm sieve are known as Coarse Aggregates. They are obtained by natural fragmentation or by artificially crushing the rocks. The maximum size of coarse aggregate can be 80 mm. Fine Aggregate: Aggregates that are passed through 4.75 mm sieve are classified as Fine Aggregates. They are natural sand, crushed stone and crushed gravel stone. The minimum size of fine aggregates can be 0.06 mm. Graded Aggregate: Aggregate which passes through a particular size of the sieve is known as graded aggregate. For example, a 12mm aggregate which passes through 12 mm size of the sieve. |
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